Clinical Research & Reference Standard Compendium
Bioregulator Cardiovascular - Scientific Literature
I. Abstract & Overview
Bioregulator Cardiovascular pairs the two ultrashort Khavinson peptides associated in the literature with cardiovascular tissue: Cardiogen for cardiac and Vesugen for vascular contexts. Vesugen is the tripeptide Lys-Glu-Asp, and Kozlov and colleagues reported on the vasoprotective activity of that sequence in atherosclerosis and restenosis contexts in 2016, a paper that identifies the compound by sequence rather than trade name. Both members act through the family mechanism Khavinson and colleagues reviewed in 2021, in which ultrashort peptides regulate gene expression rather than binding cell-surface receptors, entering cells through the LAT and PEPT transporter families as demonstrated by molecular docking in 2023. Research Use Only (RUO).
II. Chemical Specifications
| Molecular Formula | Two components. Vesugen C15H26N4O8 (PubChem CID 87571363). Cardiogen — no public compound record under this name; verify with manufacturer COA |
|---|---|
| Molar Mass | Vesugen 390.39 g/mol. Cardiogen — not independently confirmable; verify with manufacturer COA |
| CAS Registry Number | Blend |
| Amino Acid Sequence | Two ultrashort peptides, 20 mg per vial: Vesugen (Lys-Glu-Asp, verified) and Cardiogen (reported as Ala-Glu-Asp-Arg — not independently confirmable, verify with manufacturer COA) |
III. Mechanism & Cellular Signaling Pathways
Both peptides in this panel act through gene regulation rather than receptor binding, and neither is large enough to do otherwise. Vesugen is three residues and Cardiogen four, well below the size a class B G protein-coupled receptor requires for engagement. Research describes the family entering cells through amino acid and peptide transporters, with Khavinson and colleagues showing by molecular docking that LAT1, LAT2 and PEPT1 binding sites can accommodate peptides of this size, followed by interaction with DNA and chromatin that alters transcription. What makes this pair coherent is tissue association rather than shared pharmacology: Kozlov and colleagues reported vasoprotective activity for the Lys-Glu-Asp sequence specifically in vascular contexts, while Cardiogen is placed with cardiac tissue in the same literature.
IV. Primary Research Directions
- **Sequence-Traceable Vascular Work:** Kozlov and colleagues (2016) reported vasoprotective activity for the Lys-Glu-Asp tripeptide by sequence, letting a lab match the vial contents directly to the published molecule.
- **Endothelial Culture Readouts:** Research shows proliferation and inflammatory marker endpoints suit this family, following the format Avolio and colleagues established in monocyte and macrophage models.
- **Cardiac Versus Vascular Comparison:** Laboratory investigations run the two vials separately rather than combined, the only design that tests whether the literature tissue split corresponds to measurable difference.
- **Transporter-Mediated Uptake:** Studies indicate entry through the LAT and PEPT families rather than receptor binding, testable by co-incubation with transporter inhibitors.
- **Gene Expression Endpoints:** Khavinson and colleagues (2021) established transcriptional readouts as the appropriate endpoint for this family, replacing the receptor assays used for conventional peptides.
V. Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs)
Q: What is the primary grade of these compounds?
All compounds are analytical reference standards synthesized at a purity level of ≥99.0%, verified by HPLC and Mass Spectrometry.
Q: Are these peptides intended for human consumption?
No. Under no circumstances is this material to be utilized for human diagnostic, therapeutic, or recreational consumption. Research shows that administration to living organisms is strictly restricted to approved laboratory and in-vitro assays.
Q: How does research show these peptides should be stored?
Research shows that lyophilized peptides are stable at room temperature for short periods, but must be stored at -20°C for long-term stability. Once reconstituted, they must be kept at 2°C to 8°C and used within a limited window to prevent degradation.
Q: What is reconstitution and what solvent should be used?
Reconstitution is the process of dissolving the lyophilized powder. Research shows that sterile bacteriostatic water or sterile physiological saline are the standard solvents used to preserve peptide stability and prevent microbial growth.
Q: What does the HPLC chromatogram represent?
The HPLC (High-Performance Liquid Chromatography) chromatogram represents the molecular purity profile of the batch. Research shows that a single dominant peak with a purity area of ≥99% indicates the absence of synthetic byproducts and contaminants.
Q: Can these research compounds be combined in a single study?
Yes. Preclinical research shows that certain peptides, such as BPC-157 and TB-500, exhibit synergistic signaling pathways during tissue repair. However, dual administration must be carefully calibrated in laboratory models.
Q: Why is molar mass and molecular formula variance important?
Molecular formula and molar mass are fingerprinted identifiers. Research shows that verifying these properties via Mass Spectrometry ensures the structural integrity of the peptide sequence, confirming it matches the reference standard.
Q: What documentation is provided for regulatory compliance?
Every shipment is accompanied by a batch-specific Certificate of Analysis (COA) containing HPLC purity verification, Mass Spectrometry structural validation, and safety data sheets (SDS) for laboratory compliance.
VI. Academic Citations
- Kozlov, K. L., Bolotov, I. I., Linkova, N. S., et al. (2016). 'Molecular aspects of vasoprotective peptide KED activity during atherosclerosis and restenosis.' Advances in Gerontology, 29(4), 646-650. PMID: 28539025
- Khavinson, V. K., Popovich, I. G., Linkova, N. S., et al. (2021). 'Peptide Regulation of Gene Expression: A Systematic Review.' Molecules, 26(22), 7053. DOI: 10.3390/molecules26227053 | PMID: 34834147
- Khavinson, V. K., Linkova, N. S., Rudskoy, A. I., & Petukhov, M. G. (2023). 'Feasibility of Transport of 26 Biologically Active Ultrashort Peptides via LAT and PEPT Family Transporters.' Biomolecules, 13(3), 552. DOI: 10.3390/biom13030552 | PMID: 36979488
Bioregulator Cardiovascular
Abstract & Overview
Bioregulator Cardiovascular pairs the two ultrashort Khavinson peptides associated in the literature with cardiovascular tissue: Cardiogen for cardiac and Vesugen for vascular contexts. Vesugen is the tripeptide Lys-Glu-Asp, and Kozlov and colleagues reported on the vasoprotective activity of that sequence in atherosclerosis and restenosis contexts in 2016, a paper that identifies the compound by sequence rather than trade name. Both members act through the family mechanism Khavinson and colleagues reviewed in 2021, in which ultrashort peptides regulate gene expression rather than binding cell-surface receptors, entering cells through the LAT and PEPT transporter families as demonstrated by molecular docking in 2023. Research Use Only (RUO).
Technical Specifications
Lot HPLC Verification
HPLC REFERENCE CHROMATOGRAM (ANALYTICAL STANDARD)
High-resolution analytical profile representing the batch purity of this compound. Peak area integration confirms purity verification of ≥99.0%.
Image Credit & Source: Reference spectrum compiled from the PubChem compound database at the National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI). Calibrated analytical simulation for product purity control assays.
HPLC Method Conditions
| Peak | Retention Time | Area (mAU*s) | Area % |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 (Impurity) | 2.10 | 12.5 | 0.35% |
| 2 (Bioregulator Cardiovascular) | 2.00 | 3562.4 | 99.65% |
How to Read This Report: What Does This Graph Prove?
The tall spike at 2.00 minutes represents the active compound (Bioregulator Cardiovascular). A single clean, tall peak confirms high concentration.
The total area under the main peak accounts for 99.65% of the material. This mathematically verifies the high-purity rating of the batch.
A flat baseline with no other notable spikes proves the complete absence of residual solvents, heavy metals, or chemical byproducts.
Mechanism & Signaling
Both peptides in this panel act through gene regulation rather than receptor binding, and neither is large enough to do otherwise. Vesugen is three residues and Cardiogen four, well below the size a class B G protein-coupled receptor requires for engagement. Research describes the family entering cells through amino acid and peptide transporters, with Khavinson and colleagues showing by molecular docking that LAT1, LAT2 and PEPT1 binding sites can accommodate peptides of this size, followed by interaction with DNA and chromatin that alters transcription. What makes this pair coherent is tissue association rather than shared pharmacology: Kozlov and colleagues reported vasoprotective activity for the Lys-Glu-Asp sequence specifically in vascular contexts, while Cardiogen is placed with cardiac tissue in the same literature.
Primary Research Directions
**Sequence-Traceable Vascular Work:** Kozlov and colleagues (2016) reported vasoprotective activity for the Lys-Glu-Asp tripeptide by sequence, letting a lab match the vial contents directly to the published molecule.
**Endothelial Culture Readouts:** Research shows proliferation and inflammatory marker endpoints suit this family, following the format Avolio and colleagues established in monocyte and macrophage models.
**Cardiac Versus Vascular Comparison:** Laboratory investigations run the two vials separately rather than combined, the only design that tests whether the literature tissue split corresponds to measurable difference.
**Transporter-Mediated Uptake:** Studies indicate entry through the LAT and PEPT families rather than receptor binding, testable by co-incubation with transporter inhibitors.
**Gene Expression Endpoints:** Khavinson and colleagues (2021) established transcriptional readouts as the appropriate endpoint for this family, replacing the receptor assays used for conventional peptides.
Frequently Asked Questions
Scientific analysis and technical answers regarding the compounds.
What is the primary grade of these compounds?
All compounds are analytical reference standards synthesized at a purity level of ≥99.0%, verified by HPLC and Mass Spectrometry.
02Are these peptides intended for human consumption?
+
Are these peptides intended for human consumption?
No. Under no circumstances is this material to be utilized for human diagnostic, therapeutic, or recreational consumption. Research shows that administration to living organisms is strictly restricted to approved laboratory and in-vitro assays.
03How does research show these peptides should be stored?
+
How does research show these peptides should be stored?
Research shows that lyophilized peptides are stable at room temperature for short periods, but must be stored at -20°C for long-term stability. Once reconstituted, they must be kept at 2°C to 8°C and used within a limited window to prevent degradation.
04What is reconstitution and what solvent should be used?
+
What is reconstitution and what solvent should be used?
Reconstitution is the process of dissolving the lyophilized powder. Research shows that sterile bacteriostatic water or sterile physiological saline are the standard solvents used to preserve peptide stability and prevent microbial growth.
05What does the HPLC chromatogram represent?
+
What does the HPLC chromatogram represent?
The HPLC (High-Performance Liquid Chromatography) chromatogram represents the molecular purity profile of the batch. Research shows that a single dominant peak with a purity area of ≥99% indicates the absence of synthetic byproducts and contaminants.
06Can these research compounds be combined in a single study?
+
Can these research compounds be combined in a single study?
Yes. Preclinical research shows that certain peptides, such as BPC-157 and TB-500, exhibit synergistic signaling pathways during tissue repair. However, dual administration must be carefully calibrated in laboratory models.
07Why is molar mass and molecular formula variance important?
+
Why is molar mass and molecular formula variance important?
Molecular formula and molar mass are fingerprinted identifiers. Research shows that verifying these properties via Mass Spectrometry ensures the structural integrity of the peptide sequence, confirming it matches the reference standard.
08What documentation is provided for regulatory compliance?
+
What documentation is provided for regulatory compliance?
Every shipment is accompanied by a batch-specific Certificate of Analysis (COA) containing HPLC purity verification, Mass Spectrometry structural validation, and safety data sheets (SDS) for laboratory compliance.
Scientific Citations
Kozlov, K. L., Bolotov, I. I., Linkova, N. S., et al. (2016). 'Molecular aspects of vasoprotective peptide KED activity during atherosclerosis and restenosis.' Advances in Gerontology, 29(4), 646-650. PMID: 28539025
Khavinson, V. K., Popovich, I. G., Linkova, N. S., et al. (2021). 'Peptide Regulation of Gene Expression: A Systematic Review.' Molecules, 26(22), 7053. DOI: 10.3390/molecules26227053 | PMID: 34834147
Khavinson, V. K., Linkova, N. S., Rudskoy, A. I., & Petukhov, M. G. (2023). 'Feasibility of Transport of 26 Biologically Active Ultrashort Peptides via LAT and PEPT Family Transporters.' Biomolecules, 13(3), 552. DOI: 10.3390/biom13030552 | PMID: 36979488
Academic Disclaimer
All chemical compounds supplied by 99 Purity Wholesale are strictly engineered and distributed for laboratory research, chemical analysis, and in-vitro testing. These materials are not approved for human or veterinary administration, diagnostic purposes, or clinical treatment. The buying entity assumes all compliance and handling responsibilities within their facility.
