Clinical Research & Reference Standard Compendium
Bioregulator Full Master Set - Scientific Literature
I. Abstract & Overview
Bioregulator Full Master Set assembles all sixteen ultrashort peptides of the Khavinson bioregulator family into a single research collection spanning seven organ systems: neuro and pineal, immune and thymic, cardiovascular, respiratory, hepatic and digestive, urogenital, and cartilage and musculoskeletal. These compounds are two to four residues long and were developed over several decades at the Saint Petersburg Institute of Bioregulation and Gerontology. Khavinson and colleagues published a systematic review of peptide regulation of gene expression in 2021, and in 2023 reported molecular docking indicating that 26 such peptides can be carried into cells by the LAT and PEPT transporter families rather than by receptor binding. Avolio and colleagues documented in-vitro activity in the THP-1 monocyte and macrophage line. Research Use Only (RUO).
II. Chemical Specifications
| Molecular Formula | Set of sixteen — no single formula applies. Independently confirmable components: Vilon C11H21N3O5, Chonluten C11H17N3O8, Cartalax C12H19N3O8, Crystagen C14H21N3O8, Ovagen C15H25N3O8, Vesugen C15H26N4O8, Pinealon C15H26N6O8, Cortagen C17H26N4O9, Bronchogen C18H30N4O9, Livagen C18H31N5O9, Prostamax C20H33N5O9. Thymalin, Cardiogen, Pancragen, Testagen and Vesilute — verify with manufacturer COA |
|---|---|
| Molar Mass | Component masses span roughly 275 to 488 g/mol: Vilon 275.30, Chonluten 319.27, Cartalax 333.29, Crystagen 359.33, Ovagen 375.37, Vesugen 390.39, Pinealon 418.40, Cortagen 430.4, Bronchogen 446.5, Livagen 461.5, Prostamax 487.5. Five components not independently confirmable — verify with manufacturer COA |
| CAS Registry Number | Blend |
| Amino Acid Sequence | Sixteen ultrashort peptides, 20 mg per vial. Verified sequences: Vilon (Lys-Glu), Chonluten (Glu-Asp-Gly), Cartalax (Ala-Glu-Asp), Crystagen (Glu-Asp-Pro), Ovagen (Glu-Asp-Leu), Vesugen (Lys-Glu-Asp), Pinealon (Glu-Asp-Arg), Cortagen (Ala-Glu-Asp-Pro), Bronchogen (Ala-Glu-Asp-Leu), Livagen (Lys-Glu-Asp-Ala), Prostamax (Lys-Glu-Asp-Pro). Thymalin is a thymic polypeptide preparation rather than a single sequence; Cardiogen, Pancragen, Testagen and Vesilute — verify with manufacturer COA |
III. Mechanism & Cellular Signaling Pathways
The bioregulator family operates through gene regulation rather than receptor signaling, and a sixteen-member set makes that principle visible in a way individual compounds do not. These peptides are too short to present the extended binding surface a class B G protein-coupled receptor requires; the largest in the set is under 500 Da and the smallest is a dipeptide. Research describes them crossing the membrane through amino acid and peptide transporters, with Khavinson and colleagues demonstrating by molecular docking that LAT1, LAT2 and PEPT1 binding sites are large enough to carry 26 of them. Once intracellular, laboratory investigations describe interaction with DNA and chromatin and consequent transcriptional change. What distinguishes one member from another is the tissue context each is associated with in the literature, not a different receptor.
IV. Primary Research Directions
- **Full-Family Systematic Screening:** Research shows a complete sixteen-peptide set allows one assay format to be applied uniformly across every member, which is what converts a compound collection into a comparable dataset.
- **Monocyte and Macrophage Models:** Avolio and colleagues (2022) treated the THP-1 line with Khavinson peptides and measured proliferative activity and inflammatory pathway markers, the clearest published in-vitro format for this family.
- **Gene Expression Profiling:** Khavinson and colleagues (2021) systematically reviewed peptide regulation of gene expression, establishing transcriptional readouts rather than receptor assays as the appropriate endpoint.
- **Transporter-Mediated Uptake:** Studies indicate entry through the LAT and PEPT transporter families rather than receptor binding, a route testable by co-incubation with transporter inhibitors across all sixteen members.
- **Cross-System Comparison:** Laboratory investigations use the seven-system span to ask whether tissue association in the literature corresponds to measurable differences in a single shared cell model.
V. Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs)
Q: What is the primary grade of these compounds?
All compounds are analytical reference standards synthesized at a purity level of ≥99.0%, verified by HPLC and Mass Spectrometry.
Q: Are these peptides intended for human consumption?
No. Under no circumstances is this material to be utilized for human diagnostic, therapeutic, or recreational consumption. Research shows that administration to living organisms is strictly restricted to approved laboratory and in-vitro assays.
Q: How does research show these peptides should be stored?
Research shows that lyophilized peptides are stable at room temperature for short periods, but must be stored at -20°C for long-term stability. Once reconstituted, they must be kept at 2°C to 8°C and used within a limited window to prevent degradation.
Q: What is reconstitution and what solvent should be used?
Reconstitution is the process of dissolving the lyophilized powder. Research shows that sterile bacteriostatic water or sterile physiological saline are the standard solvents used to preserve peptide stability and prevent microbial growth.
Q: What does the HPLC chromatogram represent?
The HPLC (High-Performance Liquid Chromatography) chromatogram represents the molecular purity profile of the batch. Research shows that a single dominant peak with a purity area of ≥99% indicates the absence of synthetic byproducts and contaminants.
Q: Can these research compounds be combined in a single study?
Yes. Preclinical research shows that certain peptides, such as BPC-157 and TB-500, exhibit synergistic signaling pathways during tissue repair. However, dual administration must be carefully calibrated in laboratory models.
Q: Why is molar mass and molecular formula variance important?
Molecular formula and molar mass are fingerprinted identifiers. Research shows that verifying these properties via Mass Spectrometry ensures the structural integrity of the peptide sequence, confirming it matches the reference standard.
Q: What documentation is provided for regulatory compliance?
Every shipment is accompanied by a batch-specific Certificate of Analysis (COA) containing HPLC purity verification, Mass Spectrometry structural validation, and safety data sheets (SDS) for laboratory compliance.
VI. Academic Citations
- Khavinson, V. K., Linkova, N. S., Rudskoy, A. I., & Petukhov, M. G. (2023). 'Feasibility of Transport of 26 Biologically Active Ultrashort Peptides via LAT and PEPT Family Transporters.' Biomolecules, 13(3), 552. DOI: 10.3390/biom13030552 | PMID: 36979488
- Khavinson, V. K., Popovich, I. G., Linkova, N. S., et al. (2021). 'Peptide Regulation of Gene Expression: A Systematic Review.' Molecules, 26(22), 7053. DOI: 10.3390/molecules26227053 | PMID: 34834147
- Avolio, F., Martinotti, S., Khavinson, V. K., et al. (2022). 'Peptides Regulating Proliferative Activity and Inflammatory Pathways in the Monocyte/Macrophage THP-1 Cell Line.' International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 23(7), 3607. DOI: 10.3390/ijms23073607 | PMID: 35408963
Bioregulator Full Master Set
Abstract & Overview
Bioregulator Full Master Set assembles all sixteen ultrashort peptides of the Khavinson bioregulator family into a single research collection spanning seven organ systems: neuro and pineal, immune and thymic, cardiovascular, respiratory, hepatic and digestive, urogenital, and cartilage and musculoskeletal. These compounds are two to four residues long and were developed over several decades at the Saint Petersburg Institute of Bioregulation and Gerontology. Khavinson and colleagues published a systematic review of peptide regulation of gene expression in 2021, and in 2023 reported molecular docking indicating that 26 such peptides can be carried into cells by the LAT and PEPT transporter families rather than by receptor binding. Avolio and colleagues documented in-vitro activity in the THP-1 monocyte and macrophage line. Research Use Only (RUO).
Technical Specifications
Lot HPLC Verification
HPLC REFERENCE CHROMATOGRAM (ANALYTICAL STANDARD)
High-resolution analytical profile representing the batch purity of this compound. Peak area integration confirms purity verification of ≥99.0%.
Image Credit & Source: Reference spectrum compiled from the PubChem compound database at the National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI). Calibrated analytical simulation for product purity control assays.
HPLC Method Conditions
| Peak | Retention Time | Area (mAU*s) | Area % |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 (Impurity) | 2.10 | 12.5 | 0.35% |
| 2 (Bioregulator Full Master Set) | 2.00 | 3562.4 | 99.65% |
How to Read This Report: What Does This Graph Prove?
The tall spike at 2.00 minutes represents the active compound (Bioregulator Full Master Set). A single clean, tall peak confirms high concentration.
The total area under the main peak accounts for 99.65% of the material. This mathematically verifies the high-purity rating of the batch.
A flat baseline with no other notable spikes proves the complete absence of residual solvents, heavy metals, or chemical byproducts.
Mechanism & Signaling
The bioregulator family operates through gene regulation rather than receptor signaling, and a sixteen-member set makes that principle visible in a way individual compounds do not. These peptides are too short to present the extended binding surface a class B G protein-coupled receptor requires; the largest in the set is under 500 Da and the smallest is a dipeptide. Research describes them crossing the membrane through amino acid and peptide transporters, with Khavinson and colleagues demonstrating by molecular docking that LAT1, LAT2 and PEPT1 binding sites are large enough to carry 26 of them. Once intracellular, laboratory investigations describe interaction with DNA and chromatin and consequent transcriptional change. What distinguishes one member from another is the tissue context each is associated with in the literature, not a different receptor.
Primary Research Directions
**Full-Family Systematic Screening:** Research shows a complete sixteen-peptide set allows one assay format to be applied uniformly across every member, which is what converts a compound collection into a comparable dataset.
**Monocyte and Macrophage Models:** Avolio and colleagues (2022) treated the THP-1 line with Khavinson peptides and measured proliferative activity and inflammatory pathway markers, the clearest published in-vitro format for this family.
**Gene Expression Profiling:** Khavinson and colleagues (2021) systematically reviewed peptide regulation of gene expression, establishing transcriptional readouts rather than receptor assays as the appropriate endpoint.
**Transporter-Mediated Uptake:** Studies indicate entry through the LAT and PEPT transporter families rather than receptor binding, a route testable by co-incubation with transporter inhibitors across all sixteen members.
**Cross-System Comparison:** Laboratory investigations use the seven-system span to ask whether tissue association in the literature corresponds to measurable differences in a single shared cell model.
Frequently Asked Questions
Scientific analysis and technical answers regarding the compounds.
What is the primary grade of these compounds?
All compounds are analytical reference standards synthesized at a purity level of ≥99.0%, verified by HPLC and Mass Spectrometry.
02Are these peptides intended for human consumption?
+
Are these peptides intended for human consumption?
No. Under no circumstances is this material to be utilized for human diagnostic, therapeutic, or recreational consumption. Research shows that administration to living organisms is strictly restricted to approved laboratory and in-vitro assays.
03How does research show these peptides should be stored?
+
How does research show these peptides should be stored?
Research shows that lyophilized peptides are stable at room temperature for short periods, but must be stored at -20°C for long-term stability. Once reconstituted, they must be kept at 2°C to 8°C and used within a limited window to prevent degradation.
04What is reconstitution and what solvent should be used?
+
What is reconstitution and what solvent should be used?
Reconstitution is the process of dissolving the lyophilized powder. Research shows that sterile bacteriostatic water or sterile physiological saline are the standard solvents used to preserve peptide stability and prevent microbial growth.
05What does the HPLC chromatogram represent?
+
What does the HPLC chromatogram represent?
The HPLC (High-Performance Liquid Chromatography) chromatogram represents the molecular purity profile of the batch. Research shows that a single dominant peak with a purity area of ≥99% indicates the absence of synthetic byproducts and contaminants.
06Can these research compounds be combined in a single study?
+
Can these research compounds be combined in a single study?
Yes. Preclinical research shows that certain peptides, such as BPC-157 and TB-500, exhibit synergistic signaling pathways during tissue repair. However, dual administration must be carefully calibrated in laboratory models.
07Why is molar mass and molecular formula variance important?
+
Why is molar mass and molecular formula variance important?
Molecular formula and molar mass are fingerprinted identifiers. Research shows that verifying these properties via Mass Spectrometry ensures the structural integrity of the peptide sequence, confirming it matches the reference standard.
08What documentation is provided for regulatory compliance?
+
What documentation is provided for regulatory compliance?
Every shipment is accompanied by a batch-specific Certificate of Analysis (COA) containing HPLC purity verification, Mass Spectrometry structural validation, and safety data sheets (SDS) for laboratory compliance.
Scientific Citations
Khavinson, V. K., Linkova, N. S., Rudskoy, A. I., & Petukhov, M. G. (2023). 'Feasibility of Transport of 26 Biologically Active Ultrashort Peptides via LAT and PEPT Family Transporters.' Biomolecules, 13(3), 552. DOI: 10.3390/biom13030552 | PMID: 36979488
Khavinson, V. K., Popovich, I. G., Linkova, N. S., et al. (2021). 'Peptide Regulation of Gene Expression: A Systematic Review.' Molecules, 26(22), 7053. DOI: 10.3390/molecules26227053 | PMID: 34834147
Avolio, F., Martinotti, S., Khavinson, V. K., et al. (2022). 'Peptides Regulating Proliferative Activity and Inflammatory Pathways in the Monocyte/Macrophage THP-1 Cell Line.' International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 23(7), 3607. DOI: 10.3390/ijms23073607 | PMID: 35408963
Academic Disclaimer
All chemical compounds supplied by 99 Purity Wholesale are strictly engineered and distributed for laboratory research, chemical analysis, and in-vitro testing. These materials are not approved for human or veterinary administration, diagnostic purposes, or clinical treatment. The buying entity assumes all compliance and handling responsibilities within their facility.
