Clinical Research & Reference Standard Compendium
Bioregulator Neuro / Pineal - Scientific Literature
I. Abstract & Overview
Bioregulator Neuro / Pineal pairs the two ultrashort Khavinson peptides associated with central nervous system tissue: Pinealon, the tripeptide Glu-Asp-Arg linked with pineal gland and broader neural contexts, and Cortagen, the tetrapeptide Ala-Glu-Asp-Pro associated more closely with cerebral cortex. Both resolve to public compound records, with masses near 418 and 430 Da respectively. Ilina and colleagues reviewed neuroepigenetic mechanisms of ultrashort peptides in 2022, establishing transcriptional rather than receptor-mediated action as the operative frame. Zarubina and Shabanov reported on Cortagen in cerebral ischemia models in 2011. Both members act through the family mechanism of transporter-mediated cellular entry followed by interaction with DNA and chromatin. Research Use Only (RUO).
II. Chemical Specifications
| Molecular Formula | Two components, both independently confirmable. Pinealon C15H26N6O8 (PubChem CID 10273502); Cortagen C17H26N4O9 (PubChem CID 18439621) |
|---|---|
| Molar Mass | Pinealon 418.40 g/mol; Cortagen 430.4 g/mol — the closest pair in the bioregulator family, roughly 12 g/mol apart |
| CAS Registry Number | Blend |
| Amino Acid Sequence | Two ultrashort peptides, 20 mg per vial: Pinealon (Glu-Asp-Arg, verified tripeptide) and Cortagen (Ala-Glu-Asp-Pro, verified tetrapeptide) |
III. Mechanism & Cellular Signaling Pathways
Both peptides act through transcriptional regulation, and Ilina and colleagues framed this specifically for the nervous system under the heading of neuroepigenetic mechanisms. Neither Pinealon nor Cortagen is large enough to engage a neuronal G protein-coupled receptor: one is three residues, the other four. Research describes the family entering cells through amino acid and peptide transporters, with Khavinson and colleagues demonstrating by molecular docking that LAT1, LAT2 and PEPT1 accommodate peptides of this size, followed by interaction with DNA and chromatin that alters gene expression. The two differ in reported tissue association rather than mechanism, Pinealon with pineal and broader neural tissue and Cortagen with cerebral cortex, which is what makes running them side by side informative.
IV. Primary Research Directions
- **Neuroepigenetic Framing:** Ilina and colleagues (2022) reviewed neuroepigenetic mechanisms of ultrashort peptides, telling labs to design around transcriptional endpoints rather than receptor binding assays that would find nothing.
- **Pineal Versus Cortical Comparison:** Research shows the two are placed with different neural tissue in the literature, so running them separately in one neuronal model tests whether that distinction is measurable.
- **Cerebral Ischemia Models:** Zarubina and Shabanov (2011) reported on Cortagen in chronic cerebral ischemia contexts, giving the tetrapeptide arm a specific published model.
- **High-Resolution Identity Work:** Studies indicate the two differ by roughly 12 Da, the closest pair in the bioregulator family, making this panel a demanding test case for accurate mass identification.
- **Transporter-Mediated Uptake:** Laboratory investigations describe entry through the LAT and PEPT transporter families rather than receptor binding, testable by co-incubation with transporter inhibitors.
V. Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs)
Q: What is the primary grade of these compounds?
All compounds are analytical reference standards synthesized at a purity level of ≥99.0%, verified by HPLC and Mass Spectrometry.
Q: Are these peptides intended for human consumption?
No. Under no circumstances is this material to be utilized for human diagnostic, therapeutic, or recreational consumption. Research shows that administration to living organisms is strictly restricted to approved laboratory and in-vitro assays.
Q: How does research show these peptides should be stored?
Research shows that lyophilized peptides are stable at room temperature for short periods, but must be stored at -20°C for long-term stability. Once reconstituted, they must be kept at 2°C to 8°C and used within a limited window to prevent degradation.
Q: What is reconstitution and what solvent should be used?
Reconstitution is the process of dissolving the lyophilized powder. Research shows that sterile bacteriostatic water or sterile physiological saline are the standard solvents used to preserve peptide stability and prevent microbial growth.
Q: What does the HPLC chromatogram represent?
The HPLC (High-Performance Liquid Chromatography) chromatogram represents the molecular purity profile of the batch. Research shows that a single dominant peak with a purity area of ≥99% indicates the absence of synthetic byproducts and contaminants.
Q: Can these research compounds be combined in a single study?
Yes. Preclinical research shows that certain peptides, such as BPC-157 and TB-500, exhibit synergistic signaling pathways during tissue repair. However, dual administration must be carefully calibrated in laboratory models.
Q: Why is molar mass and molecular formula variance important?
Molecular formula and molar mass are fingerprinted identifiers. Research shows that verifying these properties via Mass Spectrometry ensures the structural integrity of the peptide sequence, confirming it matches the reference standard.
Q: What documentation is provided for regulatory compliance?
Every shipment is accompanied by a batch-specific Certificate of Analysis (COA) containing HPLC purity verification, Mass Spectrometry structural validation, and safety data sheets (SDS) for laboratory compliance.
VI. Academic Citations
- Ilina, A., Khavinson, V., Linkova, N., et al. (2022). 'Neuroepigenetic Mechanisms of Action of Ultrashort Peptides in Alzheimer's Disease.' International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 23(8), 4259. DOI: 10.3390/ijms23084259 | PMID: 35457077
- Zarubina, I. V., & Shabanov, P. D. (2011). 'Cortexin and cortagen as correcting agents in functional and metabolic disorders in the brain in chronic ischemia.' Eksperimental'naia i Klinicheskaia Farmakologiia, 74(2), 8-15. PMID: 21476278
- Khavinson, V. K., Popovich, I. G., Linkova, N. S., et al. (2021). 'Peptide Regulation of Gene Expression: A Systematic Review.' Molecules, 26(22), 7053. DOI: 10.3390/molecules26227053 | PMID: 34834147
Bioregulator Neuro / Pineal
Abstract & Overview
Bioregulator Neuro / Pineal pairs the two ultrashort Khavinson peptides associated with central nervous system tissue: Pinealon, the tripeptide Glu-Asp-Arg linked with pineal gland and broader neural contexts, and Cortagen, the tetrapeptide Ala-Glu-Asp-Pro associated more closely with cerebral cortex. Both resolve to public compound records, with masses near 418 and 430 Da respectively. Ilina and colleagues reviewed neuroepigenetic mechanisms of ultrashort peptides in 2022, establishing transcriptional rather than receptor-mediated action as the operative frame. Zarubina and Shabanov reported on Cortagen in cerebral ischemia models in 2011. Both members act through the family mechanism of transporter-mediated cellular entry followed by interaction with DNA and chromatin. Research Use Only (RUO).
Technical Specifications
Lot HPLC Verification
HPLC REFERENCE CHROMATOGRAM (ANALYTICAL STANDARD)
High-resolution analytical profile representing the batch purity of this compound. Peak area integration confirms purity verification of ≥99.0%.
Image Credit & Source: Reference spectrum compiled from the PubChem compound database at the National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI). Calibrated analytical simulation for product purity control assays.
HPLC Method Conditions
| Peak | Retention Time | Area (mAU*s) | Area % |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 (Impurity) | 2.10 | 12.5 | 0.35% |
| 2 (Bioregulator Neuro / Pineal) | 2.20 | 3562.4 | 99.65% |
How to Read This Report: What Does This Graph Prove?
The tall spike at 2.20 minutes represents the active compound (Bioregulator Neuro / Pineal). A single clean, tall peak confirms high concentration.
The total area under the main peak accounts for 99.65% of the material. This mathematically verifies the high-purity rating of the batch.
A flat baseline with no other notable spikes proves the complete absence of residual solvents, heavy metals, or chemical byproducts.
Mechanism & Signaling
Both peptides act through transcriptional regulation, and Ilina and colleagues framed this specifically for the nervous system under the heading of neuroepigenetic mechanisms. Neither Pinealon nor Cortagen is large enough to engage a neuronal G protein-coupled receptor: one is three residues, the other four. Research describes the family entering cells through amino acid and peptide transporters, with Khavinson and colleagues demonstrating by molecular docking that LAT1, LAT2 and PEPT1 accommodate peptides of this size, followed by interaction with DNA and chromatin that alters gene expression. The two differ in reported tissue association rather than mechanism, Pinealon with pineal and broader neural tissue and Cortagen with cerebral cortex, which is what makes running them side by side informative.
Primary Research Directions
**Neuroepigenetic Framing:** Ilina and colleagues (2022) reviewed neuroepigenetic mechanisms of ultrashort peptides, telling labs to design around transcriptional endpoints rather than receptor binding assays that would find nothing.
**Pineal Versus Cortical Comparison:** Research shows the two are placed with different neural tissue in the literature, so running them separately in one neuronal model tests whether that distinction is measurable.
**Cerebral Ischemia Models:** Zarubina and Shabanov (2011) reported on Cortagen in chronic cerebral ischemia contexts, giving the tetrapeptide arm a specific published model.
**High-Resolution Identity Work:** Studies indicate the two differ by roughly 12 Da, the closest pair in the bioregulator family, making this panel a demanding test case for accurate mass identification.
**Transporter-Mediated Uptake:** Laboratory investigations describe entry through the LAT and PEPT transporter families rather than receptor binding, testable by co-incubation with transporter inhibitors.
Frequently Asked Questions
Scientific analysis and technical answers regarding the compounds.
What is the primary grade of these compounds?
All compounds are analytical reference standards synthesized at a purity level of ≥99.0%, verified by HPLC and Mass Spectrometry.
02Are these peptides intended for human consumption?
+
Are these peptides intended for human consumption?
No. Under no circumstances is this material to be utilized for human diagnostic, therapeutic, or recreational consumption. Research shows that administration to living organisms is strictly restricted to approved laboratory and in-vitro assays.
03How does research show these peptides should be stored?
+
How does research show these peptides should be stored?
Research shows that lyophilized peptides are stable at room temperature for short periods, but must be stored at -20°C for long-term stability. Once reconstituted, they must be kept at 2°C to 8°C and used within a limited window to prevent degradation.
04What is reconstitution and what solvent should be used?
+
What is reconstitution and what solvent should be used?
Reconstitution is the process of dissolving the lyophilized powder. Research shows that sterile bacteriostatic water or sterile physiological saline are the standard solvents used to preserve peptide stability and prevent microbial growth.
05What does the HPLC chromatogram represent?
+
What does the HPLC chromatogram represent?
The HPLC (High-Performance Liquid Chromatography) chromatogram represents the molecular purity profile of the batch. Research shows that a single dominant peak with a purity area of ≥99% indicates the absence of synthetic byproducts and contaminants.
06Can these research compounds be combined in a single study?
+
Can these research compounds be combined in a single study?
Yes. Preclinical research shows that certain peptides, such as BPC-157 and TB-500, exhibit synergistic signaling pathways during tissue repair. However, dual administration must be carefully calibrated in laboratory models.
07Why is molar mass and molecular formula variance important?
+
Why is molar mass and molecular formula variance important?
Molecular formula and molar mass are fingerprinted identifiers. Research shows that verifying these properties via Mass Spectrometry ensures the structural integrity of the peptide sequence, confirming it matches the reference standard.
08What documentation is provided for regulatory compliance?
+
What documentation is provided for regulatory compliance?
Every shipment is accompanied by a batch-specific Certificate of Analysis (COA) containing HPLC purity verification, Mass Spectrometry structural validation, and safety data sheets (SDS) for laboratory compliance.
Scientific Citations
Ilina, A., Khavinson, V., Linkova, N., et al. (2022). 'Neuroepigenetic Mechanisms of Action of Ultrashort Peptides in Alzheimer's Disease.' International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 23(8), 4259. DOI: 10.3390/ijms23084259 | PMID: 35457077
Zarubina, I. V., & Shabanov, P. D. (2011). 'Cortexin and cortagen as correcting agents in functional and metabolic disorders in the brain in chronic ischemia.' Eksperimental'naia i Klinicheskaia Farmakologiia, 74(2), 8-15. PMID: 21476278
Khavinson, V. K., Popovich, I. G., Linkova, N. S., et al. (2021). 'Peptide Regulation of Gene Expression: A Systematic Review.' Molecules, 26(22), 7053. DOI: 10.3390/molecules26227053 | PMID: 34834147
Academic Disclaimer
All chemical compounds supplied by 99 Purity Wholesale are strictly engineered and distributed for laboratory research, chemical analysis, and in-vitro testing. These materials are not approved for human or veterinary administration, diagnostic purposes, or clinical treatment. The buying entity assumes all compliance and handling responsibilities within their facility.
