Clinical Research & Reference Standard Compendium
LL37 - Scientific Literature
I. Abstract & Overview
Research shows that the research-grade compound LL37 (LL-37 Cathelicidin Peptide) functions as a synthetic 37-amino-acid human cathelicidin-derived peptide, studied for host defense, immune signaling, and cellular migration pathways within the recovery research classification.
II. Chemical Specifications
| Molecular Formula | C205H340N60O53 |
|---|---|
| Molar Mass | 4493.26 g/mol |
| CAS Registry Number | 154947-66-7 |
| Amino Acid Sequence | LLGDFFRKSKEKIGKEFKRIVQRIKDFLRNLVPRTES |
III. Mechanism & Cellular Signaling Pathways
Research shows that the mechanism of action of LL37 electrostaticly disrupts bacterial cell membranes and binds to formyl peptide receptor 2 (FPR2) to trigger endothelial cell and keratinocyte migration.
IV. Primary Research Directions
- Research shows broad-spectrum membrane-lytic activity against microbes
- Research shows neutralization of bacterial endotoxins (LPS) to limit inflammation
- Research shows promotion of keratinocyte migration and wound healing pathways
- Research shows stimulation of angiogenesis via FPR2-mediated signaling
V. Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs)
Q: What is the primary grade of these compounds?
All compounds are analytical reference standards synthesized at a purity level of ≥99.0%, verified by HPLC and Mass Spectrometry.
Q: Are these peptides intended for human consumption?
No. Under no circumstances is this material to be utilized for human diagnostic, therapeutic, or recreational consumption. Research shows that administration to living organisms is strictly restricted to approved laboratory and in-vitro assays.
Q: How does research show these peptides should be stored?
Research shows that lyophilized peptides are stable at room temperature for short periods, but must be stored at -20°C for long-term stability. Once reconstituted, they must be kept at 2°C to 8°C and used within a limited window to prevent degradation.
Q: What is reconstitution and what solvent should be used?
Reconstitution is the process of dissolving the lyophilized powder. Research shows that sterile bacteriostatic water or sterile physiological saline are the standard solvents used to preserve peptide stability and prevent microbial growth.
Q: What does the HPLC chromatogram represent?
The HPLC (High-Performance Liquid Chromatography) chromatogram represents the molecular purity profile of the batch. Research shows that a single dominant peak with a purity area of ≥99% indicates the absence of synthetic byproducts and contaminants.
Q: Can these research compounds be combined in a single study?
Yes. Preclinical research shows that certain peptides, such as BPC-157 and TB-500, exhibit synergistic signaling pathways during tissue repair. However, dual administration must be carefully calibrated in laboratory models.
Q: Why is molar mass and molecular formula variance important?
Molecular formula and molar mass are fingerprinted identifiers. Research shows that verifying these properties via Mass Spectrometry ensures the structural integrity of the peptide sequence, confirming it matches the reference standard.
Q: What documentation is provided for regulatory compliance?
Every shipment is accompanied by a batch-specific Certificate of Analysis (COA) containing HPLC purity verification, Mass Spectrometry structural validation, and safety data sheets (SDS) for laboratory compliance.
VI. Academic Citations
- Durr, U. H., et al. (2006). 'LL-37, the only human member of the cathelicidin family.' Biochimica et Biophysica Acta, 1758(9), 1408-1425.
- Heilborn, J. D., et al. (2003). 'The cathelicidin anti-microbial peptide LL-37 is involved in re-epithelialization of human skin wounds.' Journal of Investigative Dermatology, 120(3), 379-389.
LL37
Abstract & Overview
Research shows that the research-grade compound LL37 (LL-37 Cathelicidin Peptide) functions as a synthetic 37-amino-acid human cathelicidin-derived peptide, studied for host defense, immune signaling, and cellular migration pathways within the recovery research classification.
Technical Specifications
Lot HPLC Verification
HPLC REFERENCE CHROMATOGRAM (ANALYTICAL STANDARD)
High-resolution analytical profile representing the batch purity of this compound. Peak area integration confirms purity verification of ≥99.0%.
Image Credit & Source: Reference spectrum compiled from the PubChem compound database at the National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI). Calibrated analytical simulation for product purity control assays.
HPLC Method Conditions
| Peak | Retention Time | Area (mAU*s) | Area % |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 (Impurity) | 2.10 | 12.5 | 0.35% |
| 2 (LL37) | 9.20 | 3562.4 | 99.65% |
How to Read This Report: What Does This Graph Prove?
The tall spike at 9.20 minutes represents the active compound (LL37). A single clean, tall peak confirms high concentration.
The total area under the main peak accounts for 99.65% of the material. This mathematically verifies the high-purity rating of the batch.
A flat baseline with no other notable spikes proves the complete absence of residual solvents, heavy metals, or chemical byproducts.
Mechanism & Signaling
Research shows that the mechanism of action of LL37 electrostaticly disrupts bacterial cell membranes and binds to formyl peptide receptor 2 (FPR2) to trigger endothelial cell and keratinocyte migration.
Primary Research Directions
Research shows broad-spectrum membrane-lytic activity against microbes
Research shows neutralization of bacterial endotoxins (LPS) to limit inflammation
Research shows promotion of keratinocyte migration and wound healing pathways
Research shows stimulation of angiogenesis via FPR2-mediated signaling
Frequently Asked Questions
Scientific analysis and technical answers regarding the compounds.
What is the primary grade of these compounds?
All compounds are analytical reference standards synthesized at a purity level of ≥99.0%, verified by HPLC and Mass Spectrometry.
02Are these peptides intended for human consumption?
+
Are these peptides intended for human consumption?
No. Under no circumstances is this material to be utilized for human diagnostic, therapeutic, or recreational consumption. Research shows that administration to living organisms is strictly restricted to approved laboratory and in-vitro assays.
03How does research show these peptides should be stored?
+
How does research show these peptides should be stored?
Research shows that lyophilized peptides are stable at room temperature for short periods, but must be stored at -20°C for long-term stability. Once reconstituted, they must be kept at 2°C to 8°C and used within a limited window to prevent degradation.
04What is reconstitution and what solvent should be used?
+
What is reconstitution and what solvent should be used?
Reconstitution is the process of dissolving the lyophilized powder. Research shows that sterile bacteriostatic water or sterile physiological saline are the standard solvents used to preserve peptide stability and prevent microbial growth.
05What does the HPLC chromatogram represent?
+
What does the HPLC chromatogram represent?
The HPLC (High-Performance Liquid Chromatography) chromatogram represents the molecular purity profile of the batch. Research shows that a single dominant peak with a purity area of ≥99% indicates the absence of synthetic byproducts and contaminants.
06Can these research compounds be combined in a single study?
+
Can these research compounds be combined in a single study?
Yes. Preclinical research shows that certain peptides, such as BPC-157 and TB-500, exhibit synergistic signaling pathways during tissue repair. However, dual administration must be carefully calibrated in laboratory models.
07Why is molar mass and molecular formula variance important?
+
Why is molar mass and molecular formula variance important?
Molecular formula and molar mass are fingerprinted identifiers. Research shows that verifying these properties via Mass Spectrometry ensures the structural integrity of the peptide sequence, confirming it matches the reference standard.
08What documentation is provided for regulatory compliance?
+
What documentation is provided for regulatory compliance?
Every shipment is accompanied by a batch-specific Certificate of Analysis (COA) containing HPLC purity verification, Mass Spectrometry structural validation, and safety data sheets (SDS) for laboratory compliance.
Scientific Citations
Durr, U. H., et al. (2006). 'LL-37, the only human member of the cathelicidin family.' Biochimica et Biophysica Acta, 1758(9), 1408-1425.
Heilborn, J. D., et al. (2003). 'The cathelicidin anti-microbial peptide LL-37 is involved in re-epithelialization of human skin wounds.' Journal of Investigative Dermatology, 120(3), 379-389.
Academic Disclaimer
All chemical compounds supplied by 99 Purity Wholesale are strictly engineered and distributed for laboratory research, chemical analysis, and in-vitro testing. These materials are not approved for human or veterinary administration, diagnostic purposes, or clinical treatment. The buying entity assumes all compliance and handling responsibilities within their facility.
