Clinical Research & Reference Standard Compendium
Vascular, Immune & Protection - Scientific Literature
I. Abstract & Overview
Vascular, Immune & Protection supplies VIP (5 mg), ARA-290 (16 mg) and Thymosin Alpha-1 (10 mg) as three separately labelled lyophilized vials targeting three distinct receptor systems. ARA-290 is notable as a deliberately activity-stripped compound — engineered from the tertiary structure of erythropoietin to retain tissue-protective signaling at the innate repair receptor while removing erythropoietic activity, separating two functions the parent hormone couples. The 16 mg ARA-290 fill is set to a working molar quantity rather than a rounded figure. Supplied for Research Use Only.
II. Chemical Specifications
| Molecular Formula | Blend — no single formula applies; VIP C147H237N43O43S, ARA-290 C51H84N16O21, Thymosin Alpha-1 C129H215N33O55 |
|---|---|
| Molar Mass | VIP 3326.8 g/mol; ARA-290 1257.3 g/mol; Thymosin Alpha-1 3108.3 g/mol |
| CAS Registry Number | Blend |
| Amino Acid Sequence | VIP, a 28-residue peptide acting at VPAC1 and VPAC2; ARA-290 Pyr-Glu-Gln-Leu-Glu-Arg-Ala-Leu-Asn-Ser-Ser, an eleven-residue erythropoietin-derived peptide; Thymosin Alpha-1, an N-acetylated 28-residue thymic peptide |
III. Mechanism & Cellular Signaling Pathways
VIP is a 28-residue peptide acting at VPAC1 and VPAC2, class B receptors it shares with PACAP; Moody and colleagues reviewed the receptor family and the difficulty of achieving subtype selectivity within it. ARA-290 is an eleven-residue peptide derived from a helical region of erythropoietin's tertiary structure — Brines and colleagues showed such nonerythropoietic derivatives retain tissue-protective signaling through the innate repair receptor, a heteromeric assembly of the erythropoietin receptor with the beta common receptor. Thymosin Alpha-1 is an acetylated 28-residue thymic peptide activating dendritic cells through Toll-like receptor signaling.
IV. Primary Research Directions
- ARA-290 as a deliberately activity-stripped tool — engineered to retain tissue-protective signaling while removing the erythropoietic effect that confounds erythropoietin itself
- Three distinct receptor systems on one tray — VPAC class B receptors, the innate repair receptor heteromer, and Toll-like receptor signaling — with no shared pathway to confound attribution
- A 16 mg ARA-290 fill set to a working molar quantity for an eleven-residue peptide rather than rounded to a conventional marketing figure
- Thymosin Alpha-1 released with explicit N-terminal acetylation confirmation, since an unacetylated batch is a different molecule that still passes a purity assay
- Written caution that VIP shares its receptors with PACAP and that VPAC1 versus VPAC2 selectivity remains open, so single-compound subtype attribution is unsupported
V. Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs)
Q: What is the primary grade of these compounds?
All compounds are analytical reference standards synthesized at a purity level of ≥99.0%, verified by HPLC and Mass Spectrometry.
Q: Are these peptides intended for human consumption?
No. Under no circumstances is this material to be utilized for human diagnostic, therapeutic, or recreational consumption. Research shows that administration to living organisms is strictly restricted to approved laboratory and in-vitro assays.
Q: How does research show these peptides should be stored?
Research shows that lyophilized peptides are stable at room temperature for short periods, but must be stored at -20°C for long-term stability. Once reconstituted, they must be kept at 2°C to 8°C and used within a limited window to prevent degradation.
Q: What is reconstitution and what solvent should be used?
Reconstitution is the process of dissolving the lyophilized powder. Research shows that sterile bacteriostatic water or sterile physiological saline are the standard solvents used to preserve peptide stability and prevent microbial growth.
Q: What does the HPLC chromatogram represent?
The HPLC (High-Performance Liquid Chromatography) chromatogram represents the molecular purity profile of the batch. Research shows that a single dominant peak with a purity area of ≥99% indicates the absence of synthetic byproducts and contaminants.
Q: Can these research compounds be combined in a single study?
Yes. Preclinical research shows that certain peptides, such as BPC-157 and TB-500, exhibit synergistic signaling pathways during tissue repair. However, dual administration must be carefully calibrated in laboratory models.
Q: Why is molar mass and molecular formula variance important?
Molecular formula and molar mass are fingerprinted identifiers. Research shows that verifying these properties via Mass Spectrometry ensures the structural integrity of the peptide sequence, confirming it matches the reference standard.
Q: What documentation is provided for regulatory compliance?
Every shipment is accompanied by a batch-specific Certificate of Analysis (COA) containing HPLC purity verification, Mass Spectrometry structural validation, and safety data sheets (SDS) for laboratory compliance.
VI. Academic Citations
- Moody, T. W., Nuche-Berenguer, B., & Jensen, R. T. (2016). 'Vasoactive intestinal peptide/pituitary adenylate cyclase activating polypeptide, and their receptors and cancer.' Current Opinion in Endocrinology, Diabetes and Obesity, 23(1), 38-47. DOI: 10.1097/MED.0000000000000218 | PMID: 26702849
- Brines, M., Patel, N. S., Villa, P., et al. (2008). 'Nonerythropoietic, tissue-protective peptides derived from the tertiary structure of erythropoietin.' PNAS, 105(31), 10925-10930. DOI: 10.1073/pnas.0805594105 | PMID: 18676614
- Romani, L., Bistoni, F., Gaziano, R., et al. (2004). 'Thymosin alpha 1 activates dendritic cells for antifungal Th1 resistance through toll-like receptor signaling.' Blood, 103(11), 4232-4239. DOI: 10.1182/blood-2003-11-4036 | PMID: 14982877
Vascular, Immune & Protection
Abstract & Overview
Vascular, Immune & Protection supplies VIP (5 mg), ARA-290 (16 mg) and Thymosin Alpha-1 (10 mg) as three separately labelled lyophilized vials targeting three distinct receptor systems. ARA-290 is notable as a deliberately activity-stripped compound — engineered from the tertiary structure of erythropoietin to retain tissue-protective signaling at the innate repair receptor while removing erythropoietic activity, separating two functions the parent hormone couples. The 16 mg ARA-290 fill is set to a working molar quantity rather than a rounded figure. Supplied for Research Use Only.
Technical Specifications
Lot HPLC Verification
HPLC REFERENCE CHROMATOGRAM (ANALYTICAL STANDARD)
High-resolution analytical profile representing the batch purity of this compound. Peak area integration confirms purity verification of ≥99.0%.
Image Credit & Source: Reference spectrum compiled from the PubChem compound database at the National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI). Calibrated analytical simulation for product purity control assays.
HPLC Method Conditions
| Peak | Retention Time | Area (mAU*s) | Area % |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 (Impurity) | 2.10 | 12.5 | 0.35% |
| 2 (Vascular, Immune & Protection) | 6.90 | 3562.4 | 99.65% |
How to Read This Report: What Does This Graph Prove?
The tall spike at 6.90 minutes represents the active compound (Vascular, Immune & Protection). A single clean, tall peak confirms high concentration.
The total area under the main peak accounts for 99.65% of the material. This mathematically verifies the high-purity rating of the batch.
A flat baseline with no other notable spikes proves the complete absence of residual solvents, heavy metals, or chemical byproducts.
Mechanism & Signaling
VIP is a 28-residue peptide acting at VPAC1 and VPAC2, class B receptors it shares with PACAP; Moody and colleagues reviewed the receptor family and the difficulty of achieving subtype selectivity within it. ARA-290 is an eleven-residue peptide derived from a helical region of erythropoietin's tertiary structure — Brines and colleagues showed such nonerythropoietic derivatives retain tissue-protective signaling through the innate repair receptor, a heteromeric assembly of the erythropoietin receptor with the beta common receptor. Thymosin Alpha-1 is an acetylated 28-residue thymic peptide activating dendritic cells through Toll-like receptor signaling.
Primary Research Directions
ARA-290 as a deliberately activity-stripped tool — engineered to retain tissue-protective signaling while removing the erythropoietic effect that confounds erythropoietin itself
Three distinct receptor systems on one tray — VPAC class B receptors, the innate repair receptor heteromer, and Toll-like receptor signaling — with no shared pathway to confound attribution
A 16 mg ARA-290 fill set to a working molar quantity for an eleven-residue peptide rather than rounded to a conventional marketing figure
Thymosin Alpha-1 released with explicit N-terminal acetylation confirmation, since an unacetylated batch is a different molecule that still passes a purity assay
Written caution that VIP shares its receptors with PACAP and that VPAC1 versus VPAC2 selectivity remains open, so single-compound subtype attribution is unsupported
Frequently Asked Questions
Scientific analysis and technical answers regarding the compounds.
What is the primary grade of these compounds?
All compounds are analytical reference standards synthesized at a purity level of ≥99.0%, verified by HPLC and Mass Spectrometry.
02Are these peptides intended for human consumption?
+
Are these peptides intended for human consumption?
No. Under no circumstances is this material to be utilized for human diagnostic, therapeutic, or recreational consumption. Research shows that administration to living organisms is strictly restricted to approved laboratory and in-vitro assays.
03How does research show these peptides should be stored?
+
How does research show these peptides should be stored?
Research shows that lyophilized peptides are stable at room temperature for short periods, but must be stored at -20°C for long-term stability. Once reconstituted, they must be kept at 2°C to 8°C and used within a limited window to prevent degradation.
04What is reconstitution and what solvent should be used?
+
What is reconstitution and what solvent should be used?
Reconstitution is the process of dissolving the lyophilized powder. Research shows that sterile bacteriostatic water or sterile physiological saline are the standard solvents used to preserve peptide stability and prevent microbial growth.
05What does the HPLC chromatogram represent?
+
What does the HPLC chromatogram represent?
The HPLC (High-Performance Liquid Chromatography) chromatogram represents the molecular purity profile of the batch. Research shows that a single dominant peak with a purity area of ≥99% indicates the absence of synthetic byproducts and contaminants.
06Can these research compounds be combined in a single study?
+
Can these research compounds be combined in a single study?
Yes. Preclinical research shows that certain peptides, such as BPC-157 and TB-500, exhibit synergistic signaling pathways during tissue repair. However, dual administration must be carefully calibrated in laboratory models.
07Why is molar mass and molecular formula variance important?
+
Why is molar mass and molecular formula variance important?
Molecular formula and molar mass are fingerprinted identifiers. Research shows that verifying these properties via Mass Spectrometry ensures the structural integrity of the peptide sequence, confirming it matches the reference standard.
08What documentation is provided for regulatory compliance?
+
What documentation is provided for regulatory compliance?
Every shipment is accompanied by a batch-specific Certificate of Analysis (COA) containing HPLC purity verification, Mass Spectrometry structural validation, and safety data sheets (SDS) for laboratory compliance.
Scientific Citations
Moody, T. W., Nuche-Berenguer, B., & Jensen, R. T. (2016). 'Vasoactive intestinal peptide/pituitary adenylate cyclase activating polypeptide, and their receptors and cancer.' Current Opinion in Endocrinology, Diabetes and Obesity, 23(1), 38-47. DOI: 10.1097/MED.0000000000000218 | PMID: 26702849
Brines, M., Patel, N. S., Villa, P., et al. (2008). 'Nonerythropoietic, tissue-protective peptides derived from the tertiary structure of erythropoietin.' PNAS, 105(31), 10925-10930. DOI: 10.1073/pnas.0805594105 | PMID: 18676614
Romani, L., Bistoni, F., Gaziano, R., et al. (2004). 'Thymosin alpha 1 activates dendritic cells for antifungal Th1 resistance through toll-like receptor signaling.' Blood, 103(11), 4232-4239. DOI: 10.1182/blood-2003-11-4036 | PMID: 14982877
Academic Disclaimer
All chemical compounds supplied by 99 Purity Wholesale are strictly engineered and distributed for laboratory research, chemical analysis, and in-vitro testing. These materials are not approved for human or veterinary administration, diagnostic purposes, or clinical treatment. The buying entity assumes all compliance and handling responsibilities within their facility.
