Clinical Research & Reference Standard Compendium
ARA-290 Spray - Scientific Literature
I. Abstract & Overview
ARA-290, also catalogued as cibinetide, is an 11-residue peptide derived from the tertiary structure of erythropoietin rather than from its linear sequence, reproducing the outward-facing residues of one helical surface of the folded protein. Brines and colleagues reported the design in 2008, describing nonerythropoietic tissue-protective peptides that engage the innate repair receptor, a heterocomplex of the erythropoietin receptor and the beta-common receptor subunit, without activating the homodimeric erythropoietin receptor responsible for red blood cell production. Brines and Cerami reviewed the broader tissue-protective signaling framework the same year. Applied work has extended into transplantation and ophthalmic models, with Yao and colleagues reporting improved islet allograft function using this innate repair receptor ligand in 2020. Research Use Only (RUO).
II. Chemical Specifications
| Molecular Formula | C51H84N16O21 |
|---|---|
| Molar Mass | 1257.3 g/mol (PubChem CID 91810664, cibinetide) |
| CAS Registry Number | 1208243-50-8 |
| Amino Acid Sequence | 11-residue peptide reproducing the outward-facing residues of a helical surface of erythropoietin rather than a contiguous linear fragment; no cysteine, no methionine — verify exact sequence with manufacturer COA |
III. Mechanism & Cellular Signaling Pathways
ARA-290 exploits a structural distinction between two receptor assemblies that share a subunit. Erythropoietin signals through two different receptors: a homodimer of the erythropoietin receptor, which drives red blood cell production, and a heterocomplex pairing that same receptor with the beta-common receptor subunit, termed the innate repair receptor, which mediates tissue-protective signaling. Because the two assemblies present different binding surfaces, a ligand shaped to fit one need not fit the other. Research shows ARA-290 reproduces the helical face of erythropoietin that contacts the heterocomplex, engaging repair signaling while leaving the erythropoietic homodimer unactivated. Brines and colleagues demonstrated this separation directly. The design principle, deriving a peptide from a folded surface rather than a linear fragment, distinguishes it from every sequence-derived peptide in this catalog.
IV. Primary Research Directions
- **Receptor Selectivity Testing:** Research shows engagement of the innate repair receptor heterocomplex without activating the homodimeric erythropoietin receptor, demonstrable by running both receptor configurations in parallel.
- **Nonerythropoietic Design Validation:** Brines and colleagues (2008) established that tissue-protective signaling separates structurally from erythropoiesis, the finding this compound was built to exploit.
- **Structural Epitope Derivation:** Studies indicate the peptide reproduces a folded helical surface rather than a linear fragment, a design approach distinct from every sequence-derived peptide in this catalog.
- **Islet and Transplantation Models:** Yao and colleagues (2020) reported improved islet allograft function with this innate repair receptor ligand, extending the framework into applied transplantation work.
- **Tissue Protection Signaling:** Brines and Cerami (2008) reviewed erythropoietin-mediated tissue protection, providing the mechanistic context labs use when interpreting protective readouts.
V. Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs)
Q: What is the primary grade of these compounds?
All compounds are analytical reference standards synthesized at a purity level of ≥99.0%, verified by HPLC and Mass Spectrometry.
Q: Are these peptides intended for human consumption?
No. Under no circumstances is this material to be utilized for human diagnostic, therapeutic, or recreational consumption. Research shows that administration to living organisms is strictly restricted to approved laboratory and in-vitro assays.
Q: How does research show these peptides should be stored?
Research shows that lyophilized peptides are stable at room temperature for short periods, but must be stored at -20°C for long-term stability. Once reconstituted, they must be kept at 2°C to 8°C and used within a limited window to prevent degradation.
Q: What is reconstitution and what solvent should be used?
Reconstitution is the process of dissolving the lyophilized powder. Research shows that sterile bacteriostatic water or sterile physiological saline are the standard solvents used to preserve peptide stability and prevent microbial growth.
Q: What does the HPLC chromatogram represent?
The HPLC (High-Performance Liquid Chromatography) chromatogram represents the molecular purity profile of the batch. Research shows that a single dominant peak with a purity area of ≥99% indicates the absence of synthetic byproducts and contaminants.
Q: Can these research compounds be combined in a single study?
Yes. Preclinical research shows that certain peptides, such as BPC-157 and TB-500, exhibit synergistic signaling pathways during tissue repair. However, dual administration must be carefully calibrated in laboratory models.
Q: Why is molar mass and molecular formula variance important?
Molecular formula and molar mass are fingerprinted identifiers. Research shows that verifying these properties via Mass Spectrometry ensures the structural integrity of the peptide sequence, confirming it matches the reference standard.
Q: What documentation is provided for regulatory compliance?
Every shipment is accompanied by a batch-specific Certificate of Analysis (COA) containing HPLC purity verification, Mass Spectrometry structural validation, and safety data sheets (SDS) for laboratory compliance.
VI. Academic Citations
- Brines, M., Patel, N. S., Villa, P., et al. (2008). 'Nonerythropoietic, tissue-protective peptides derived from the tertiary structure of erythropoietin.' PNAS, 105(31), 10925-10930. DOI: 10.1073/pnas.0805594105 | PMID: 18676614
- Brines, M., & Cerami, A. (2008). 'Erythropoietin-mediated tissue protection: reducing collateral damage from the primary injury response.' Journal of Internal Medicine, 264(5), 405-432. DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2796.2008.02024.x | PMID: 19017170
- Yao, M., Watanabe, M., Sun, S., et al. (2020). 'Improvement of Islet Allograft Function Using Cibinetide, an Innate Repair Receptor Ligand.' Transplantation, 104(10), 2048-2058. DOI: 10.1097/TP.0000000000003284 | PMID: 32345869
ARA-290 Spray
Abstract & Overview
ARA-290, also catalogued as cibinetide, is an 11-residue peptide derived from the tertiary structure of erythropoietin rather than from its linear sequence, reproducing the outward-facing residues of one helical surface of the folded protein. Brines and colleagues reported the design in 2008, describing nonerythropoietic tissue-protective peptides that engage the innate repair receptor, a heterocomplex of the erythropoietin receptor and the beta-common receptor subunit, without activating the homodimeric erythropoietin receptor responsible for red blood cell production. Brines and Cerami reviewed the broader tissue-protective signaling framework the same year. Applied work has extended into transplantation and ophthalmic models, with Yao and colleagues reporting improved islet allograft function using this innate repair receptor ligand in 2020. Research Use Only (RUO).
Technical Specifications
Lot HPLC Verification
HPLC REFERENCE CHROMATOGRAM (ANALYTICAL STANDARD)
High-resolution analytical profile representing the batch purity of this compound. Peak area integration confirms purity verification of ≥99.0%.
Image Credit & Source: Reference spectrum compiled from the PubChem compound database at the National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI). Calibrated analytical simulation for product purity control assays.
HPLC Method Conditions
| Peak | Retention Time | Area (mAU*s) | Area % |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 (Impurity) | 2.10 | 12.5 | 0.35% |
| 2 (ARA-290 Spray) | 4.90 | 3562.4 | 99.65% |
How to Read This Report: What Does This Graph Prove?
The tall spike at 4.90 minutes represents the active compound (ARA-290 Spray). A single clean, tall peak confirms high concentration.
The total area under the main peak accounts for 99.65% of the material. This mathematically verifies the high-purity rating of the batch.
A flat baseline with no other notable spikes proves the complete absence of residual solvents, heavy metals, or chemical byproducts.
Mechanism & Signaling
ARA-290 exploits a structural distinction between two receptor assemblies that share a subunit. Erythropoietin signals through two different receptors: a homodimer of the erythropoietin receptor, which drives red blood cell production, and a heterocomplex pairing that same receptor with the beta-common receptor subunit, termed the innate repair receptor, which mediates tissue-protective signaling. Because the two assemblies present different binding surfaces, a ligand shaped to fit one need not fit the other. Research shows ARA-290 reproduces the helical face of erythropoietin that contacts the heterocomplex, engaging repair signaling while leaving the erythropoietic homodimer unactivated. Brines and colleagues demonstrated this separation directly. The design principle, deriving a peptide from a folded surface rather than a linear fragment, distinguishes it from every sequence-derived peptide in this catalog.
Primary Research Directions
**Receptor Selectivity Testing:** Research shows engagement of the innate repair receptor heterocomplex without activating the homodimeric erythropoietin receptor, demonstrable by running both receptor configurations in parallel.
**Nonerythropoietic Design Validation:** Brines and colleagues (2008) established that tissue-protective signaling separates structurally from erythropoiesis, the finding this compound was built to exploit.
**Structural Epitope Derivation:** Studies indicate the peptide reproduces a folded helical surface rather than a linear fragment, a design approach distinct from every sequence-derived peptide in this catalog.
**Islet and Transplantation Models:** Yao and colleagues (2020) reported improved islet allograft function with this innate repair receptor ligand, extending the framework into applied transplantation work.
**Tissue Protection Signaling:** Brines and Cerami (2008) reviewed erythropoietin-mediated tissue protection, providing the mechanistic context labs use when interpreting protective readouts.
Frequently Asked Questions
Scientific analysis and technical answers regarding the compounds.
What is the primary grade of these compounds?
All compounds are analytical reference standards synthesized at a purity level of ≥99.0%, verified by HPLC and Mass Spectrometry.
02Are these peptides intended for human consumption?
+
Are these peptides intended for human consumption?
No. Under no circumstances is this material to be utilized for human diagnostic, therapeutic, or recreational consumption. Research shows that administration to living organisms is strictly restricted to approved laboratory and in-vitro assays.
03How does research show these peptides should be stored?
+
How does research show these peptides should be stored?
Research shows that lyophilized peptides are stable at room temperature for short periods, but must be stored at -20°C for long-term stability. Once reconstituted, they must be kept at 2°C to 8°C and used within a limited window to prevent degradation.
04What is reconstitution and what solvent should be used?
+
What is reconstitution and what solvent should be used?
Reconstitution is the process of dissolving the lyophilized powder. Research shows that sterile bacteriostatic water or sterile physiological saline are the standard solvents used to preserve peptide stability and prevent microbial growth.
05What does the HPLC chromatogram represent?
+
What does the HPLC chromatogram represent?
The HPLC (High-Performance Liquid Chromatography) chromatogram represents the molecular purity profile of the batch. Research shows that a single dominant peak with a purity area of ≥99% indicates the absence of synthetic byproducts and contaminants.
06Can these research compounds be combined in a single study?
+
Can these research compounds be combined in a single study?
Yes. Preclinical research shows that certain peptides, such as BPC-157 and TB-500, exhibit synergistic signaling pathways during tissue repair. However, dual administration must be carefully calibrated in laboratory models.
07Why is molar mass and molecular formula variance important?
+
Why is molar mass and molecular formula variance important?
Molecular formula and molar mass are fingerprinted identifiers. Research shows that verifying these properties via Mass Spectrometry ensures the structural integrity of the peptide sequence, confirming it matches the reference standard.
08What documentation is provided for regulatory compliance?
+
What documentation is provided for regulatory compliance?
Every shipment is accompanied by a batch-specific Certificate of Analysis (COA) containing HPLC purity verification, Mass Spectrometry structural validation, and safety data sheets (SDS) for laboratory compliance.
Scientific Citations
Brines, M., Patel, N. S., Villa, P., et al. (2008). 'Nonerythropoietic, tissue-protective peptides derived from the tertiary structure of erythropoietin.' PNAS, 105(31), 10925-10930. DOI: 10.1073/pnas.0805594105 | PMID: 18676614
Brines, M., & Cerami, A. (2008). 'Erythropoietin-mediated tissue protection: reducing collateral damage from the primary injury response.' Journal of Internal Medicine, 264(5), 405-432. DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2796.2008.02024.x | PMID: 19017170
Yao, M., Watanabe, M., Sun, S., et al. (2020). 'Improvement of Islet Allograft Function Using Cibinetide, an Innate Repair Receptor Ligand.' Transplantation, 104(10), 2048-2058. DOI: 10.1097/TP.0000000000003284 | PMID: 32345869
Academic Disclaimer
All chemical compounds supplied by 99 Purity Wholesale are strictly engineered and distributed for laboratory research, chemical analysis, and in-vitro testing. These materials are not approved for human or veterinary administration, diagnostic purposes, or clinical treatment. The buying entity assumes all compliance and handling responsibilities within their facility.
