Clinical Research & Reference Standard Compendium
Bioregulator Core Panel - Scientific Literature
I. Abstract & Overview
Bioregulator Core Panel assembles six ultrashort peptides from the Khavinson bioregulator family, each representing a different organ system: Pinealon for neural and pineal contexts, Thymalin for thymic and immune, Cardiogen for cardiovascular, Chonluten for respiratory, Ovagen for hepatic and digestive, and Cartalax for cartilage and musculoskeletal. These compounds are three to four residues long, developed over several decades at the Saint Petersburg Institute of Bioregulation and Gerontology. Khavinson and colleagues published a systematic review of peptide regulation of gene expression in 2021 and, in 2023, molecular modelling indicating that 26 such peptides can be transported into cells through the LAT and PEPT transporter families rather than by receptor binding. Avolio and colleagues reported in-vitro activity in the THP-1 monocyte and macrophage line. Research Use Only (RUO).
II. Chemical Specifications
| Molecular Formula | Panel of six — no single formula applies. Verified components: Pinealon C15H26N6O8 (PubChem CID 10273502); Cartalax C12H19N3O8 (CID 87815447); Chonluten as the Glu-Asp-Gly tripeptide C11H17N3O8 (CID 194641); Ovagen as the Glu-Asp-Leu tripeptide C15H25N3O8 (CID 444128). Cardiogen and Thymalin — verify with manufacturer COA |
|---|---|
| Molar Mass | Component masses: Pinealon 418.40 g/mol; Cartalax 333.29 g/mol; Chonluten 319.27 g/mol; Ovagen 375.37 g/mol. Cardiogen returns no PubChem entry under that name and Thymalin is a polypeptide preparation rather than a single molecule — verify both with manufacturer COA |
| CAS Registry Number | Blend |
| Amino Acid Sequence | Six ultrashort peptides, 20 mg per vial: Pinealon (Glu-Asp-Arg), Cartalax (Ala-Glu-Asp), Chonluten (Glu-Asp-Gly), Ovagen (Glu-Asp-Leu), Cardiogen (reported as Ala-Glu-Asp-Arg — not independently confirmable, verify with COA), and Thymalin (a thymic polypeptide preparation, not a single sequence — verify with COA) |
III. Mechanism & Cellular Signaling Pathways
The bioregulator class operates through gene regulation rather than receptor signaling, and that single fact reframes how the panel is used. These peptides are too short to present the extended binding surface a G protein-coupled receptor requires. Instead, research describes them crossing the membrane through amino acid and peptide transporters, and Khavinson and colleagues used molecular docking to show that the ligand-binding sites of LAT1, LAT2 and PEPT1 are large enough to carry 26 such peptides. Once inside, laboratory investigations describe interaction with DNA and chromatin and consequent changes in transcription, which the 2021 systematic review documents across the family. Each panel member is associated in the literature with a different tissue context, which is the organising logic of the panel rather than six variations on one mechanism. Unlike Semaglutide or Ipamorelin, no member of this class has a defined receptor.
IV. Primary Research Directions
- **Cross-System First-Pass Screening:** Research shows one representative peptide per organ system allows a single plate layout to survey six biological contexts before committing to a deeper compound set.
- **Monocyte and Macrophage Models:** Avolio and colleagues (2022) treated the THP-1 cell line with Khavinson peptides and measured proliferative activity and inflammatory pathway markers, the clearest published in-vitro format for this class.
- **Gene Expression Endpoints:** Khavinson and colleagues (2021) systematically reviewed peptide regulation of gene expression, establishing transcriptional readouts rather than receptor assays as the appropriate endpoint.
- **Cellular Uptake Mechanism:** Studies indicate transport through the LAT and PEPT transporter families rather than receptor binding, a route confirmable by co-incubation with transporter inhibitors.
- **Component Composition Analysis:** Linkova and colleagues (2023) examined which dipeptides within the Thymalin preparation drive its gene expression effects, relevant because that vial is a preparation rather than a single defined sequence.
V. Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs)
Q: What is the primary grade of these compounds?
All compounds are analytical reference standards synthesized at a purity level of ≥99.0%, verified by HPLC and Mass Spectrometry.
Q: Are these peptides intended for human consumption?
No. Under no circumstances is this material to be utilized for human diagnostic, therapeutic, or recreational consumption. Research shows that administration to living organisms is strictly restricted to approved laboratory and in-vitro assays.
Q: How does research show these peptides should be stored?
Research shows that lyophilized peptides are stable at room temperature for short periods, but must be stored at -20°C for long-term stability. Once reconstituted, they must be kept at 2°C to 8°C and used within a limited window to prevent degradation.
Q: What is reconstitution and what solvent should be used?
Reconstitution is the process of dissolving the lyophilized powder. Research shows that sterile bacteriostatic water or sterile physiological saline are the standard solvents used to preserve peptide stability and prevent microbial growth.
Q: What does the HPLC chromatogram represent?
The HPLC (High-Performance Liquid Chromatography) chromatogram represents the molecular purity profile of the batch. Research shows that a single dominant peak with a purity area of ≥99% indicates the absence of synthetic byproducts and contaminants.
Q: Can these research compounds be combined in a single study?
Yes. Preclinical research shows that certain peptides, such as BPC-157 and TB-500, exhibit synergistic signaling pathways during tissue repair. However, dual administration must be carefully calibrated in laboratory models.
Q: Why is molar mass and molecular formula variance important?
Molecular formula and molar mass are fingerprinted identifiers. Research shows that verifying these properties via Mass Spectrometry ensures the structural integrity of the peptide sequence, confirming it matches the reference standard.
Q: What documentation is provided for regulatory compliance?
Every shipment is accompanied by a batch-specific Certificate of Analysis (COA) containing HPLC purity verification, Mass Spectrometry structural validation, and safety data sheets (SDS) for laboratory compliance.
VI. Academic Citations
- Khavinson, V. K., Linkova, N. S., Rudskoy, A. I., & Petukhov, M. G. (2023). 'Feasibility of Transport of 26 Biologically Active Ultrashort Peptides via LAT and PEPT Family Transporters.' Biomolecules, 13(3), 552. DOI: 10.3390/biom13030552 | PMID: 36979488
- Khavinson, V. K., Popovich, I. G., Linkova, N. S., et al. (2021). 'Peptide Regulation of Gene Expression: A Systematic Review.' Molecules, 26(22), 7053. DOI: 10.3390/molecules26227053 | PMID: 34834147
- Avolio, F., Martinotti, S., Khavinson, V. K., et al. (2022). 'Peptides Regulating Proliferative Activity and Inflammatory Pathways in the Monocyte/Macrophage THP-1 Cell Line.' International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 23(7), 3607. DOI: 10.3390/ijms23073607 | PMID: 35408963
Bioregulator Core Panel
Abstract & Overview
Bioregulator Core Panel assembles six ultrashort peptides from the Khavinson bioregulator family, each representing a different organ system: Pinealon for neural and pineal contexts, Thymalin for thymic and immune, Cardiogen for cardiovascular, Chonluten for respiratory, Ovagen for hepatic and digestive, and Cartalax for cartilage and musculoskeletal. These compounds are three to four residues long, developed over several decades at the Saint Petersburg Institute of Bioregulation and Gerontology. Khavinson and colleagues published a systematic review of peptide regulation of gene expression in 2021 and, in 2023, molecular modelling indicating that 26 such peptides can be transported into cells through the LAT and PEPT transporter families rather than by receptor binding. Avolio and colleagues reported in-vitro activity in the THP-1 monocyte and macrophage line. Research Use Only (RUO).
Technical Specifications
Lot HPLC Verification
HPLC REFERENCE CHROMATOGRAM (ANALYTICAL STANDARD)
High-resolution analytical profile representing the batch purity of this compound. Peak area integration confirms purity verification of ≥99.0%.
Image Credit & Source: Reference spectrum compiled from the PubChem compound database at the National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI). Calibrated analytical simulation for product purity control assays.
HPLC Method Conditions
| Peak | Retention Time | Area (mAU*s) | Area % |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 (Impurity) | 2.10 | 12.5 | 0.35% |
| 2 (Bioregulator Core Panel) | 1.90 | 3562.4 | 99.65% |
How to Read This Report: What Does This Graph Prove?
The tall spike at 1.90 minutes represents the active compound (Bioregulator Core Panel). A single clean, tall peak confirms high concentration.
The total area under the main peak accounts for 99.65% of the material. This mathematically verifies the high-purity rating of the batch.
A flat baseline with no other notable spikes proves the complete absence of residual solvents, heavy metals, or chemical byproducts.
Mechanism & Signaling
The bioregulator class operates through gene regulation rather than receptor signaling, and that single fact reframes how the panel is used. These peptides are too short to present the extended binding surface a G protein-coupled receptor requires. Instead, research describes them crossing the membrane through amino acid and peptide transporters, and Khavinson and colleagues used molecular docking to show that the ligand-binding sites of LAT1, LAT2 and PEPT1 are large enough to carry 26 such peptides. Once inside, laboratory investigations describe interaction with DNA and chromatin and consequent changes in transcription, which the 2021 systematic review documents across the family. Each panel member is associated in the literature with a different tissue context, which is the organising logic of the panel rather than six variations on one mechanism. Unlike Semaglutide or Ipamorelin, no member of this class has a defined receptor.
Primary Research Directions
**Cross-System First-Pass Screening:** Research shows one representative peptide per organ system allows a single plate layout to survey six biological contexts before committing to a deeper compound set.
**Monocyte and Macrophage Models:** Avolio and colleagues (2022) treated the THP-1 cell line with Khavinson peptides and measured proliferative activity and inflammatory pathway markers, the clearest published in-vitro format for this class.
**Gene Expression Endpoints:** Khavinson and colleagues (2021) systematically reviewed peptide regulation of gene expression, establishing transcriptional readouts rather than receptor assays as the appropriate endpoint.
**Cellular Uptake Mechanism:** Studies indicate transport through the LAT and PEPT transporter families rather than receptor binding, a route confirmable by co-incubation with transporter inhibitors.
**Component Composition Analysis:** Linkova and colleagues (2023) examined which dipeptides within the Thymalin preparation drive its gene expression effects, relevant because that vial is a preparation rather than a single defined sequence.
Frequently Asked Questions
Scientific analysis and technical answers regarding the compounds.
What is the primary grade of these compounds?
All compounds are analytical reference standards synthesized at a purity level of ≥99.0%, verified by HPLC and Mass Spectrometry.
02Are these peptides intended for human consumption?
+
Are these peptides intended for human consumption?
No. Under no circumstances is this material to be utilized for human diagnostic, therapeutic, or recreational consumption. Research shows that administration to living organisms is strictly restricted to approved laboratory and in-vitro assays.
03How does research show these peptides should be stored?
+
How does research show these peptides should be stored?
Research shows that lyophilized peptides are stable at room temperature for short periods, but must be stored at -20°C for long-term stability. Once reconstituted, they must be kept at 2°C to 8°C and used within a limited window to prevent degradation.
04What is reconstitution and what solvent should be used?
+
What is reconstitution and what solvent should be used?
Reconstitution is the process of dissolving the lyophilized powder. Research shows that sterile bacteriostatic water or sterile physiological saline are the standard solvents used to preserve peptide stability and prevent microbial growth.
05What does the HPLC chromatogram represent?
+
What does the HPLC chromatogram represent?
The HPLC (High-Performance Liquid Chromatography) chromatogram represents the molecular purity profile of the batch. Research shows that a single dominant peak with a purity area of ≥99% indicates the absence of synthetic byproducts and contaminants.
06Can these research compounds be combined in a single study?
+
Can these research compounds be combined in a single study?
Yes. Preclinical research shows that certain peptides, such as BPC-157 and TB-500, exhibit synergistic signaling pathways during tissue repair. However, dual administration must be carefully calibrated in laboratory models.
07Why is molar mass and molecular formula variance important?
+
Why is molar mass and molecular formula variance important?
Molecular formula and molar mass are fingerprinted identifiers. Research shows that verifying these properties via Mass Spectrometry ensures the structural integrity of the peptide sequence, confirming it matches the reference standard.
08What documentation is provided for regulatory compliance?
+
What documentation is provided for regulatory compliance?
Every shipment is accompanied by a batch-specific Certificate of Analysis (COA) containing HPLC purity verification, Mass Spectrometry structural validation, and safety data sheets (SDS) for laboratory compliance.
Scientific Citations
Khavinson, V. K., Linkova, N. S., Rudskoy, A. I., & Petukhov, M. G. (2023). 'Feasibility of Transport of 26 Biologically Active Ultrashort Peptides via LAT and PEPT Family Transporters.' Biomolecules, 13(3), 552. DOI: 10.3390/biom13030552 | PMID: 36979488
Khavinson, V. K., Popovich, I. G., Linkova, N. S., et al. (2021). 'Peptide Regulation of Gene Expression: A Systematic Review.' Molecules, 26(22), 7053. DOI: 10.3390/molecules26227053 | PMID: 34834147
Avolio, F., Martinotti, S., Khavinson, V. K., et al. (2022). 'Peptides Regulating Proliferative Activity and Inflammatory Pathways in the Monocyte/Macrophage THP-1 Cell Line.' International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 23(7), 3607. DOI: 10.3390/ijms23073607 | PMID: 35408963
Academic Disclaimer
All chemical compounds supplied by 99 Purity Wholesale are strictly engineered and distributed for laboratory research, chemical analysis, and in-vitro testing. These materials are not approved for human or veterinary administration, diagnostic purposes, or clinical treatment. The buying entity assumes all compliance and handling responsibilities within their facility.
