Clinical Research & Reference Standard Compendium
H-Frag Spray - Scientific Literature
I. Abstract & Overview
H-Frag corresponds to residues 176 through 191 of human growth hormone, the carboxy-terminal segment identified as the hormone lipolytic domain. Its research interest rests on a dissociation: the fragment influences lipid metabolism without engaging the growth hormone receptor, and therefore without the hepatic IGF-1 induction and glucose handling changes the intact hormone produces. Ng and colleagues characterized the synthetic lipolytic domain in fatty rodent models in 2000, and Heffernan and colleagues compared the fragment directly against full growth hormone in 2001, reporting effects on lipid metabolism in obese mouse models. The sequence contains two cysteine residues forming an internal disulfide loop. It is closely related to but distinct from AOD9604, which carries tyrosine at position 1 in place of phenylalanine. Research Use Only (RUO).
II. Chemical Specifications
| Molecular Formula | C78H123N23O22S2 |
|---|---|
| Molar Mass | 1799.1 g/mol (PubChem CID 16131230, somatotropin 176-191) |
| CAS Registry Number | 66004-57-7 |
| Amino Acid Sequence | Phe-Leu-Arg-Ile-Val-Gln-Cys-Arg-Ser-Val-Glu-Gly-Ser-Cys-Gly-Phe (16 residues; internal disulfide loop between the two cysteines). Distinct from AOD9604, which carries tyrosine at position 1 instead of phenylalanine and weighs 1815.1 g/mol |
III. Mechanism & Cellular Signaling Pathways
H-Frag works through a mechanism defined as much by absence as by action. The intact growth hormone molecule binds its receptor and triggers JAK2 and STAT5 signaling, producing hepatic IGF-1 and a broad metabolic response. This fragment, comprising only the carboxy-terminal lipolytic domain, does not engage that receptor, and research indicates it therefore produces no IGF-1 induction and none of the glucose handling changes attributed to the full hormone. What it does influence is adipocyte lipid handling, with laboratory investigations describing modulation of lipolytic and lipogenic enzyme activity in fat cells rather than classical receptor agonism. Ng and colleagues characterized this in fatty rodent models and Heffernan and colleagues confirmed the dissociation against full growth hormone. Structurally the fragment carries an internal disulfide loop between its two cysteines, and it differs from AOD9604 at position 1, where that analogue carries tyrosine in place of phenylalanine.
IV. Primary Research Directions
- **Adipocyte Lipolysis Assays:** Research shows measurable glycerol and free fatty acid release in 3T3-L1 and primary adipocyte cultures, the standard lipolysis readout for this fragment.
- **Receptor Dissociation Testing:** Heffernan and colleagues (2001) compared the fragment against full growth hormone, the design that demonstrates lipid effects without IGF-1 induction.
- **Lipolytic Domain Characterization:** Ng and colleagues (2000) characterized the synthetic lipolytic domain in fatty rodent models, establishing the framework for interpreting fragment activity.
- **Fragment Versus Analogue Comparison:** Laboratory investigations pair it against AOD9604, which differs only at position 1, isolating what a single hydroxyl group changes.
- **Disulfide Loop Integrity:** Studies indicate the internal cysteine loop defines the fragment conformation, verifiable by comparing reduced and non-reduced chromatographic separations.
V. Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs)
Q: What is the primary grade of these compounds?
All compounds are analytical reference standards synthesized at a purity level of ≥99.0%, verified by HPLC and Mass Spectrometry.
Q: Are these peptides intended for human consumption?
No. Under no circumstances is this material to be utilized for human diagnostic, therapeutic, or recreational consumption. Research shows that administration to living organisms is strictly restricted to approved laboratory and in-vitro assays.
Q: How does research show these peptides should be stored?
Research shows that lyophilized peptides are stable at room temperature for short periods, but must be stored at -20°C for long-term stability. Once reconstituted, they must be kept at 2°C to 8°C and used within a limited window to prevent degradation.
Q: What is reconstitution and what solvent should be used?
Reconstitution is the process of dissolving the lyophilized powder. Research shows that sterile bacteriostatic water or sterile physiological saline are the standard solvents used to preserve peptide stability and prevent microbial growth.
Q: What does the HPLC chromatogram represent?
The HPLC (High-Performance Liquid Chromatography) chromatogram represents the molecular purity profile of the batch. Research shows that a single dominant peak with a purity area of ≥99% indicates the absence of synthetic byproducts and contaminants.
Q: Can these research compounds be combined in a single study?
Yes. Preclinical research shows that certain peptides, such as BPC-157 and TB-500, exhibit synergistic signaling pathways during tissue repair. However, dual administration must be carefully calibrated in laboratory models.
Q: Why is molar mass and molecular formula variance important?
Molecular formula and molar mass are fingerprinted identifiers. Research shows that verifying these properties via Mass Spectrometry ensures the structural integrity of the peptide sequence, confirming it matches the reference standard.
Q: What documentation is provided for regulatory compliance?
Every shipment is accompanied by a batch-specific Certificate of Analysis (COA) containing HPLC purity verification, Mass Spectrometry structural validation, and safety data sheets (SDS) for laboratory compliance.
VI. Academic Citations
- Heffernan, M., Summers, R. J., Thorburn, A., et al. (2001). 'The effects of human GH and its lipolytic fragment (AOD9604) on lipid metabolism following chronic treatment in obese mice and beta-3 AR knock-out mice.' Endocrinology, 142(12), 5182-5189. DOI: 10.1210/endo.142.12.8522 | PMID: 11713213
- Ng, F. M., Sun, J., Sharma, L., et al. (2000). 'Metabolic studies of a synthetic lipolytic domain (AOD9604) of human growth hormone.' Hormone Research, 53(6), 274-278. DOI: 10.1159/000053183 | PMID: 11146367
- Ng, F. M., Jiang, W. J., Gianello, R., et al. (2000). 'Molecular and cellular actions of a structural domain of human growth hormone (AOD9401) on lipid metabolism in Zucker fatty rats.' Journal of Molecular Endocrinology, 25(3), 287-298. DOI: 10.1677/jme.0.0250287 | PMID: 11116208
H-Frag Spray
Abstract & Overview
H-Frag corresponds to residues 176 through 191 of human growth hormone, the carboxy-terminal segment identified as the hormone lipolytic domain. Its research interest rests on a dissociation: the fragment influences lipid metabolism without engaging the growth hormone receptor, and therefore without the hepatic IGF-1 induction and glucose handling changes the intact hormone produces. Ng and colleagues characterized the synthetic lipolytic domain in fatty rodent models in 2000, and Heffernan and colleagues compared the fragment directly against full growth hormone in 2001, reporting effects on lipid metabolism in obese mouse models. The sequence contains two cysteine residues forming an internal disulfide loop. It is closely related to but distinct from AOD9604, which carries tyrosine at position 1 in place of phenylalanine. Research Use Only (RUO).
Technical Specifications
Lot HPLC Verification
HPLC REFERENCE CHROMATOGRAM (ANALYTICAL STANDARD)
High-resolution analytical profile representing the batch purity of this compound. Peak area integration confirms purity verification of ≥99.0%.
Image Credit & Source: Reference spectrum compiled from the PubChem compound database at the National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI). Calibrated analytical simulation for product purity control assays.
HPLC Method Conditions
| Peak | Retention Time | Area (mAU*s) | Area % |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 (Impurity) | 2.10 | 12.5 | 0.35% |
| 2 (H-Frag Spray) | 7.30 | 3562.4 | 99.65% |
How to Read This Report: What Does This Graph Prove?
The tall spike at 7.30 minutes represents the active compound (H-Frag Spray). A single clean, tall peak confirms high concentration.
The total area under the main peak accounts for 99.65% of the material. This mathematically verifies the high-purity rating of the batch.
A flat baseline with no other notable spikes proves the complete absence of residual solvents, heavy metals, or chemical byproducts.
Mechanism & Signaling
H-Frag works through a mechanism defined as much by absence as by action. The intact growth hormone molecule binds its receptor and triggers JAK2 and STAT5 signaling, producing hepatic IGF-1 and a broad metabolic response. This fragment, comprising only the carboxy-terminal lipolytic domain, does not engage that receptor, and research indicates it therefore produces no IGF-1 induction and none of the glucose handling changes attributed to the full hormone. What it does influence is adipocyte lipid handling, with laboratory investigations describing modulation of lipolytic and lipogenic enzyme activity in fat cells rather than classical receptor agonism. Ng and colleagues characterized this in fatty rodent models and Heffernan and colleagues confirmed the dissociation against full growth hormone. Structurally the fragment carries an internal disulfide loop between its two cysteines, and it differs from AOD9604 at position 1, where that analogue carries tyrosine in place of phenylalanine.
Primary Research Directions
**Adipocyte Lipolysis Assays:** Research shows measurable glycerol and free fatty acid release in 3T3-L1 and primary adipocyte cultures, the standard lipolysis readout for this fragment.
**Receptor Dissociation Testing:** Heffernan and colleagues (2001) compared the fragment against full growth hormone, the design that demonstrates lipid effects without IGF-1 induction.
**Lipolytic Domain Characterization:** Ng and colleagues (2000) characterized the synthetic lipolytic domain in fatty rodent models, establishing the framework for interpreting fragment activity.
**Fragment Versus Analogue Comparison:** Laboratory investigations pair it against AOD9604, which differs only at position 1, isolating what a single hydroxyl group changes.
**Disulfide Loop Integrity:** Studies indicate the internal cysteine loop defines the fragment conformation, verifiable by comparing reduced and non-reduced chromatographic separations.
Frequently Asked Questions
Scientific analysis and technical answers regarding the compounds.
What is the primary grade of these compounds?
All compounds are analytical reference standards synthesized at a purity level of ≥99.0%, verified by HPLC and Mass Spectrometry.
02Are these peptides intended for human consumption?
+
Are these peptides intended for human consumption?
No. Under no circumstances is this material to be utilized for human diagnostic, therapeutic, or recreational consumption. Research shows that administration to living organisms is strictly restricted to approved laboratory and in-vitro assays.
03How does research show these peptides should be stored?
+
How does research show these peptides should be stored?
Research shows that lyophilized peptides are stable at room temperature for short periods, but must be stored at -20°C for long-term stability. Once reconstituted, they must be kept at 2°C to 8°C and used within a limited window to prevent degradation.
04What is reconstitution and what solvent should be used?
+
What is reconstitution and what solvent should be used?
Reconstitution is the process of dissolving the lyophilized powder. Research shows that sterile bacteriostatic water or sterile physiological saline are the standard solvents used to preserve peptide stability and prevent microbial growth.
05What does the HPLC chromatogram represent?
+
What does the HPLC chromatogram represent?
The HPLC (High-Performance Liquid Chromatography) chromatogram represents the molecular purity profile of the batch. Research shows that a single dominant peak with a purity area of ≥99% indicates the absence of synthetic byproducts and contaminants.
06Can these research compounds be combined in a single study?
+
Can these research compounds be combined in a single study?
Yes. Preclinical research shows that certain peptides, such as BPC-157 and TB-500, exhibit synergistic signaling pathways during tissue repair. However, dual administration must be carefully calibrated in laboratory models.
07Why is molar mass and molecular formula variance important?
+
Why is molar mass and molecular formula variance important?
Molecular formula and molar mass are fingerprinted identifiers. Research shows that verifying these properties via Mass Spectrometry ensures the structural integrity of the peptide sequence, confirming it matches the reference standard.
08What documentation is provided for regulatory compliance?
+
What documentation is provided for regulatory compliance?
Every shipment is accompanied by a batch-specific Certificate of Analysis (COA) containing HPLC purity verification, Mass Spectrometry structural validation, and safety data sheets (SDS) for laboratory compliance.
Scientific Citations
Heffernan, M., Summers, R. J., Thorburn, A., et al. (2001). 'The effects of human GH and its lipolytic fragment (AOD9604) on lipid metabolism following chronic treatment in obese mice and beta-3 AR knock-out mice.' Endocrinology, 142(12), 5182-5189. DOI: 10.1210/endo.142.12.8522 | PMID: 11713213
Ng, F. M., Sun, J., Sharma, L., et al. (2000). 'Metabolic studies of a synthetic lipolytic domain (AOD9604) of human growth hormone.' Hormone Research, 53(6), 274-278. DOI: 10.1159/000053183 | PMID: 11146367
Ng, F. M., Jiang, W. J., Gianello, R., et al. (2000). 'Molecular and cellular actions of a structural domain of human growth hormone (AOD9401) on lipid metabolism in Zucker fatty rats.' Journal of Molecular Endocrinology, 25(3), 287-298. DOI: 10.1677/jme.0.0250287 | PMID: 11116208
Academic Disclaimer
All chemical compounds supplied by 99 Purity Wholesale are strictly engineered and distributed for laboratory research, chemical analysis, and in-vitro testing. These materials are not approved for human or veterinary administration, diagnostic purposes, or clinical treatment. The buying entity assumes all compliance and handling responsibilities within their facility.
